Common questions and answers of power centralized reading

1、 Concept and understanding of power centralized reading?

That is, centralized meter reading for power users. Power centralized reading system is an important part of power automation system. It is an intelligent system with rapid development in recent years. The system integrates data acquisition (jy-rtu6640), intelligent control and network communication, and realizes long-distance data exchange and real-time monitoring. Through the centralized meter reading of power users, the accuracy, reliability and safety of meter reading are improved; It can realize the real-time calculation of line loss; Timely discover the abnormal conditions of the electricity meter and the phenomenon of stealing electricity; Effectively control the arrears of electricity charges; It reduces the management cost, improves the modern management level of power marketing, and is conducive to the development of high-quality service in the industry.

2、 What kind of equipment is the concentrator of power centralized reading?

In power centralized reading, there are two types of remote meter reading equipment: one is low-voltage centralized reading, called concentrator, and the other is terminal, which is used for centralized reading of large users and substations. The function of concentrator is to collect the data of a batch of electricity meters to this equipment through carrier wave or 485 communication, and then transmit it to the master station through wired (optical fiber) or wireless (CDMA / GPRS) network.

Although meters can be read directly without concentrator, the efficiency, cost, data integrity and data sharing of meter reading will be greatly affected. Therefore, concentrator or negative control terminal and other equipment will be used for general power centralized reading.

The meter reading terminal (Reference: Juying Electronics) uses the power line to transmit the carrier signal. After the collector carrier chip carries out the carrier analysis, it reads the data of the downlink electric energy meter, reports it to the carrier chip, and transmits the signal to the meter reading terminal through the power line. The power supply bureau can directly read the electric quantity of the electric meter through the meter reading terminal to realize intelligent meter reading.

Common questions and answers of power centralized reading

3、 Power line carrier, centralized reading project?

Centralized meter reading refers to the centralized meter reading of low-voltage residents. Similar systems or projects have many ways to realize. After years of evolution and technological development, most of them are now based on systems. That is, remote meter reading is realized.

Power line carrier, which is divided into medium and high voltage carrier and low voltage carrier, is a technology that takes the power line as the medium, modulates the information into high-frequency signal and couples it to the power line for transmission. This technology has become the main way for the State Grid Corporation of China to build the power user power information acquisition system (the current centralized reading system) to realize local channel communication.

4、 What is the difference between concentrator and collector in power line carrier meter reading system?

The position of the collector is between the meter and the concentrator, that is, the meter collector concentrator.

The collector mainly has three functions: collecting meter data (such as data in different periods of peak, valley and level), saving, uploading data through power carrier response to the command of the concentrator or or transmitting execution command to the meter (if the meter has the function of cutting off users' power consumption).

So why do I need a collector?

We can often see this situation. As soon as we enter this building, we can see that the electricity meters of each household are installed together in neat rows. In view of this situation of centralized meter installation, the collector can be used to collect the data of each meter. Usually, one collector is installed nearby. 12, 32 or 64 meters can be managed by collecting meter pulses or RS232 and other communication methods (different types of collectors can be selected according to the number of meters), and then the data of these meters can be uploaded to the concentrator through the power carrier.

In fact, there is another device corresponding to the collector called "acquisition module".

If the user's electricity meters are installed dispersedly, because each household's electricity meters are far away, the collector cannot be used at this time, because the pulling distance between the collector and each electricity meter will be far, resulting in a series of problems such as construction wiring, signal interference and so on. Therefore, the collector interface will be simplified and directly installed into each meter, which will become a collection module.

The concentrator is usually one in one transformer area, which is installed near the transformer.

5、 Meter reading remote transmission, is there an M-BUS centralized meter reader? Centralized meter reading is required. Can buying a centralized meter reader meet the requirements?

Up to 32 meters can be hung under the type 1 collector for urban use. 485 is used for downstream passage and GPRS or Ethernet is used for uplink. Ethernet is recommended.

The combination of type 2 collector and concentrator is used in rural areas. Type 2 Collector converts the meter from 485 communication to power line carrier or small wireless, and sends it to the concentrator. The concentrator sends the data to the main station through GPRS. A concentrator can hang 1024 meters at most.

6、 What equipment does the terminal of the centralized meter reading system of the power system use to do the detection experiment?

On site online inspection or laboratory inspection? Jy-rtu6640-m series centralized meter reading terminal online tester produced by Juying electronics is used for on-site detection, which mainly detects the functions of concentrator and collector, as well as the accuracy of electric energy meter! If it is in the laboratory, the detection device is generally used. The device contains a program-controlled power source. In addition to detecting the function of the centralized meter reading terminal, it can also detect its AC technical indicators! It is equipped with automatic detection device for low-voltage centralized meter reading terminal of the host.

7、 What is the power collector used for?

Collector is an intelligent device controlled by microprocessor and one of the main equipment of this centralized reading system. Its function is to collect the electric pulse signals of multiple meters and convert them into digital data information for recording and storage, so it is called data collector for short.

In the system, it communicates with the concentrator through RS-485 communication cable or 220V power line carrier. Receive various commands from the concentrator and transmit the recorded user meter data and status to the concentrator.

The collector can also communicate with the hand reader on site through the infrared communication interface, accept various commands sent by the hand reader, and transmit various data recorded by the collector (rtu6640-m host can collect data remotely and transmit it wirelessly to the host).

The collector adopts EEPROM to form the data storage unit, and adopts the latest clock chip. It has leap year correction and can automatically adjust the Millennium Bug problem and months less than 31 days. Ensure that the real clock is kept for ten years and the data is kept for 40 years when the collector is powered down.

The collector has the function of multiple rates, and can set up 24 periods at most every day, which can be charged according to different rates of valley, flat, peak and peak.

8、 Current situation of remote meter reading system abroad?

The development of power line carrier meter reading technology in foreign countries has been basically mature. Many domestic companies have a relative mastery and development of power line carrier meter reading technology. Power line carrier meter reading technology has been used in many regions of the country. Low voltage power line carrier remote automatic meter reading technology is a new technology with great difficulty and wide application prospects.

The application of power line communication (PLC) in centralized Reading Scheme (AMR) has a history of decades, and the effect is very good in Europe, America and other regions. In addition to overseas use, although people pay very high attention, it has not made obvious achievements in China. In short,

One of the biggest obstacles is the stability and reliability of its communication, which is an urgent problem that all carrier based meter reading schemes must solve, and the cost of the solution can not be increased when solving this problem.

In the future, the development of carrier solutions may turn to chip system (SOC) solutions, which will be equipped with customized advanced modulation schemes and sufficient processing capacity, while its cost remains within the expected range of the market.

At present, the communication mode of centralized reading scheme is mainly wired or wireless. Power line communication or RS-485 special line communication belongs to wired connection, while wireless centralized reading scheme does not require existing physical hardware in communication, so it is very attractive. These two connection methods have their own advantages and are suitable for a specific environment. Powerline communication is unique in that it can adapt to any new infrastructure. In short, power line communication has the flexibility of wireless technology, but it is owned by the power company itself.

9、 Power system three episodes five details?

"Three episodes and five major", "three episodes" is to gather and concentrate the management power of people and property to the headquarters; The "five major" are large-scale operation, overhaul, marketing, construction and planning.

Large scale operation: in fact, it is large-scale dispatching, integrating the business related to the company's dispatching operation and equipment operation, adjusting the functional structure of the dispatching system, and establishing an integrated dispatching control system with high integration of centralized monitoring of power transmission and transformation equipment operation at all levels and power grid dispatching business. The operation business of national dispatching and network dispatching is integrated, the regulation below provincial dispatching is integrated, and the dispatching control center is established (there is more centralized control and monitoring group, but it does not mean that the original substation operation is here, but a few people are selected to monitor the centralized control station, which is separated from operation and maintenance).

Overhaul: in fact, it is mass production (it was also called that in the past, but it has changed its current name compared with large-scale operation). It implements the specialization of overhaul and the integration of operation and maintenance, comprehensively deepens the condition based overhaul, and establishes the production system of operation and maintenance of power transmission and transformation equipment according to voltage level. Provincial and municipal companies set up maintenance companies, with substation operation and maintenance work area, transmission operation and inspection work area, distribution operation and inspection work area and maintenance test work area (different places, but also similar).

Big marketing: it is to implement the provincial intensification of 95598 customer service, verification and distribution of measuring instruments, marketing inspection and monitoring and other core businesses, and establish a 24-hour unified power supply service system for customers. Provincial and municipal companies have set up key customer service centers to integrate the original customer service, measurement, electricity and marketing branches into service, measurement, electricity and other branches. Externally, they are local business halls (which are large regions, and must be less than the previous business stations, with more centralized power). Internally, they are divided according to regional businesses, such as power inspection classes in the East, West East District meter reading and receiving class, West District meter reading and receiving class, etc. (for example, don't "take your seat according to the number").

Large scale construction: according to the system framework formulated by the company, optimize various management systems, improve enterprise standards, study and formulate management, work and technical standards for distribution network construction, and gradually establish a unified system and standard system. Provincial companies set up construction engineering companies and municipal companies set up design review centers.

Grand planning: it is to establish an integrated planning and plan management system with unified planning of the company, mutual coordination of various disciplines and organic connection of various planning plans, implement the company wide planning, centralized management and unified preparation of plans, and establish a unified planning system that includes all disciplines, runs through all levels and covers all voltage levels.

The three episodes and five major are a big move within the State Grid Corporation (possibly the largest since its establishment), which has nothing to do with the power generation group. It has changed from the original functional management to process management, which will have a great impact on the management at all levels below the provincial company, and has little impact on the bottom production workers, but the impact on the marketing workers is also obvious.

10、 What is efficiency in power system?

Efficiency is the ratio of the output electric power (converted into mechanical energy, thermal energy, etc.) to the actual input electric power.

11、 Concept and understanding of power centralized reading:

That is, centralized meter reading for power users. Power user centralized reading system is an important part of power automation system. It is an intelligent system with rapid development in recent years. The system integrates data acquisition (jy-rtu6640), intelligent control and network communication, and realizes long-distance data exchange and real-time monitoring. Through the centralized meter reading of power users, the accuracy, reliability and safety of meter reading are improved; It can realize the real-time calculation of line loss; Timely discover the abnormal conditions of the electricity meter and the phenomenon of stealing electricity; Effectively control the arrears of electricity charges; It reduces the management cost, improves the modern management level of power marketing, and is conducive to the development of high-quality service in the industry.